Overview
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Evolving higher pressure and more demanding hydraulic systems expose the metal to metal flare fitting which makes it very difficult to obtain a permanent leak free flared fitting joint. Flared Fitting Leaks are most commonly caused by misalignment, surface damage and vibration in the field.
The entire seal is coated with a dry-to-the-touch, baked-on Loctite™ sealant. When inserted into a fitting, the concentric rings form multiple seals down the face of the flare, while the Loctite coating fills minor imperfections, dramatically increasing the integrity of the fitting. New ISO and NFPA standards strongly recommend seals for all fittings.
The sealing rings prevent environmental debris and aggressive cleaning solvents from attacking the sealing face while the Loctite™ protects the face from fretting, galling and over-tightening. And unlike ORFS fittings, the Flaretite Seal will not fail during a fire, allowing atomized hydraulic oil to fuel the fire.
Flare 2.2 does not address any issues you may be having with the pre-release software. We’re excited to debut two all-new filters today – Colorfilm and Timestamp. The Colorfilm filter is designed to emulate the characteristics of saturated color film, but it uses a new approach to achieve better results than what’s been available in the. Flare 2.4 is the fourth chapter of Flare. The broken trigger breaks its subjects, the humans it effects and the parahumans who witness. Major Events The Broken Trigger causes devastation a wide area of the City., Trigger Visions have shifted again. Flare Union; 1/2' x 1/4' Retail: $2.24 $1.79. You Save (20%) Qty: Add to Cart. Flare Plug; 1/2' Retail: $1.07 $0.86. You Save (20%) Qty: Add to Cart. 13.4: Wet Cooling Towers: Final Section - January 1995 (PDF 114K) 13.5: Industrial Flares: Final Section - February 2018 (PDF 147K) Background Documentation - February 2018 (ZIP 191M) Flare Efficiency Study, EPA 600/2-83-052 - July 1983 (PDF 3.2M) Primary reference for the section. 2.3 Steam Injection Rates and Tip Design for Available Flare Test Data. 2-5 2.4 Air Injection Rates and Tip Design for Available Flare Test Data. 2-6 2.5 Flare Test Methods. 2-7 2.6 Combining All Available Test Run Data. 2-9 2.7 Data Removed After Being Considered. 2-10 2.8 Determination of Combustion Efficiency.
- Fit on all standard 37 °JIC/45° SAE flare fittings, hydraulic, pneumatic, fuel & all common refrigerants.
- Helps protect against weeping on new and damaged fittings!
- Creates a perfect 'Leak-Free' clip-on seal!
- Complies with the latest International standards!
Independently tested by Eaton’s Aeroquip hose & fittings division to one million high pressure square wave pulse cycles on badly scored JIC flared fitting faces without failure, this design, which easily installs by simply clipping over the male flare section, makes Flaretite Seals the single best choice “compliant seal” flared type fitting permanent leak free fix.
Having proven performance with some of the Worlds most difficult to seal flared fitting applications, Flaretite seals are available for use in Standard 37° JIC flared type hydraulic fittings, 37° JIC 316 stainless Marine fittings & work extremley well on 45° SAE brass fittings for refrigeration.
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Flaretite’s headquarters is located in Brighton, Michigan where they have been producing seals for over 15 years. Flaretite seals are available for purchase via our website or through distributors such as Eaton-Aeroquip, Motion Industries, Johnstone Supply & Asada Corperation just to name a few.
The Result
The Flaretite Seal is a permanent, 'Leak-Free' connection, which exceeds the performance of today's ORFS fittings, and at significantly lower cost. Our seal maintains the low profile, versatility, and world-wide availability of flared fittings.
Flared connections fitted with Flaretite Seals are today's answer to low cost, high integrity, 'Zero-Leak' fittings, while complying with new international standards. This unique seal may be fitted to JIC & SAE, hydraulic, pneumatic and gas fittings. The introduction of the Flaretite Seal eliminates the weakness in the original flare design. Flaretite's approach to the global market is to target sales to national distributors and OEM's worldwide. Sales offices are based in the USA.
Flaretite Seal Products
Standard 37° JIC Seal w/ LOCTITEPart Number: 37FT-XX-304-SOR (xx = seal size)
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45° SAE Refrigeration and GasPart Number: 37FT-XX-CU-SPP and 45FT-XX-CU-SPP (xx = seal size)
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37° 316 Stainless Steel PlainPart Number: 37FT-XX-316-PLN and 45FT-XX-316-PLN (xx = seal size)
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37° JIC Copper PlainPart Numbers: 37FT-XX-CU-PLN and 45FT-XX-CU-PLN (xx = seal size)
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37° JIC High Temp. Oil and SteamPart Number: 37FT-XX-316-HTS (xx = seal size)
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37° JIC Stainless Steel Anti-Corrosive / MarinePart Number: 37FT-XX-316-SGR and 45FT-XX-316-SGR (xx = seal size)
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37° 304 Stainless Steel PlainPart Number: 37FT-XX-304-PLN (xx = seal size)
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(Redirected from Flares)
Illumination flares being used during military training exercises
A flare, also sometimes called a fusee, is a type of pyrotechnic that produces a bright light or intense heat without an explosion. Flares are used for distress signaling, illumination, or defensive countermeasures in civilian and military applications. Flares may be ground pyrotechnics, projectile pyrotechnics, or parachute-suspended to provide maximum illumination time over a large area. Projectile pyrotechnics may be dropped from aircraft, fired from rocket or artillery, or deployed by flare guns or handheld percussive tubes. Macbooster 6 0 4 download free.
History[edit]
The earliest recorded use of gunpowder for signaling purposes was the 'signal bomb' used by the Chinese Song Dynasty as the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty besieged Yangzhou in 1276.[1] These soft-shelled bombs, timed to explode in mid-air, were used to send messages to a detachment of troops far in the distance. Another mention of the signal bomb appears in a text dating from 1293 requesting their collection from those still stored in Zhejiang.[1] A signal gun appears in Korea by 1600. The Wu I Thu Phu Thung Chih or Illustrated Military Encyclopedia written in 1791 depicts a signal gun in an illustration.[2]
Chemistry[edit]
Three road flares burning
A conventional flare pistol. This particular model uses 26.5mm flares (manufactured by Patel Ballistics).
Flares produce their light through the combustion of a pyrotechnic composition. The ingredients are varied, but often based on strontium nitrate, potassium nitrate, or potassium perchlorate and mixed with a fuel such as charcoal, sulfur, sawdust, aluminium, magnesium, or a suitable polymeric resin.[3] Flares may be colored by the inclusion of pyrotechnic colorants. Calcium flares are used underwater to illuminate submerged objects.
Movement against perchlorate flares[edit]
Many in-service colored signal flares and spectrally balanced decoy flares contain perchlorate oxidizers. Perchlorate, a type of salt in its solid form, dissolves and moves rapidly in groundwater and surface water. Even in low concentrations in drinking water supplies, perchlorate is known to inhibit the uptake of iodine by the thyroid gland. While there are currently no US federal drinking water standards for perchlorate, some states have established public health goals or action levels, and some are in the process of establishing state maximum contaminant levels. For example, the US Environmental Protection Agency have studied the impacts of perchlorate on the environment as well as drinking water.[4] California has also issued guidance regarding perchlorate use.[5]
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US courts have taken action regarding the use of perchlorate in manufacturing pyrotechnic devices such as flares. For example, in 2003, a federal district court in California found that Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) applied because perchlorate is ignitable and therefore a “characteristic” hazardous waste. (see Castaic Lake Water Agency v. Whittaker, 272 F. Supp. 2d 1053, 1059–61 (C.D. Cal. 2003)).
Civilian use[edit]
Red Flares used at a demonstration in Vienna
In the civilian world, flares are commonly used as signals, and may be ignited on the ground or fired as an aerial signal from a pistol-like flare gun, or launched from a self-contained tube. Flares are commonly found in marine survival kits.
Maritime distress signal[edit]
Red flares, either sent as a rocket or held in the hand, are widely recognized as a maritime distress signal.[6]
The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) has standards for visual signals, including both handheld and aerial flares. Handheld flares must burn for at least 1 minute at an average luminosity of 15,000 candelas, while aerial flares must burn for at least 40 seconds with 30,000-candela average luminosity.[7] Both should burn in a bright red colour. Nations that are members of SOLAS require vessels to carry visual signals on board.
Fusee[edit]
An Indiana Harbor Belt Railroadbrakeman uses a fusee to demonstrate a hand signal indicating 'stop'.
Another type of flare is the fusee, which burns for 5–60 minutes with a bright red light. Fusees are commonly used to indicate obstacles or advise caution on roadways at night; in this usage they are also called highway flares, road flares, or ground flares. They are commonly found in roadside emergency kits.
Fusees are also known as railroad flares and are commonly used to perform hand signals in rail transport applications. Since they can be used only once, fusees nowadays are usually intended for emergency use (as opposed to the lanterns typically used during normal operating conditions). However, in the days before train radio communications, fusees were used to keep trains apart in dark territory. A railroad fusee was timed to burn for ten minutes and quantities were dropped behind a train to ensure a safe spacing. If a following train encountered a burning fusee it was not to pass until the fusee burned out. Fusees made specifically for railroad use can be distinguished from highway fusees by a sharp steel spike at one end, used to embed the fusee upright in a wooden railroad tie.
In forestry and firefighting, fusees are sometimes used in wildland fire suppression and in the ignition of controlled burns. They ignite at 191 °C (376 °F) and burn as hot as 1,600 °C (2,900 °F).[8] They are especially effective in igniting burnouts or backburns in very dry conditions, but not so effective when fuel conditions are moist. Since controlled burns are often done during relatively high humidity levels (on the grounds that they could not be safely contained during periods of very low humidity), the driptorch is more effective and more often used. Fusees are also commonly carried by wildlandfirefighters for emergency use, to ignite an escape fire in surrounding fuels in case of being overrun by a fire if no other escape routes are available.
Acrok video converter ultimate 7 0 156 download. Calcium phosphide is often used in naval flares, as in contact with water it liberates phosphine which self ignites in contact with air; it is often used together with calcium carbide which releases acetylene.
Military use[edit]
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Maritime signal flare[edit]
In 1859, Martha Coston patented the Coston flare based on early work by her deceased husband Benjamin Franklin Coston.[9] It was used extensively by the U.S. Navy during the Civil War and by the United States Life-Saving Service to signal to other ships and to shore.
Illumination[edit]
In 1922, a 'landing flare' was an aerial candle attached to a parachute and used for landing an airplane in the dark. The flare burned for less than 4 minutes and the candle power was about 40,000 lumens.[10]
Countermeasure[edit]
A special variety of flares is used in military aircraft as a defensive countermeasure against heat-seeking missiles. These flares are usually discharged individually or in salvos by the pilot or automatically by tail-warning devices, and are accompanied by vigorous evasive maneuvering. Since they are intended to deceive infrared missiles, these flares burn at temperatures of thousands of degrees, incandescing in the visible spectrum as well.
Tripflares[edit]
Flares connected to tripwires are used to guard an area against infiltration. The flare begins burning when the tripwire is triggered, providing both alarm and illumination.
Regulation[edit]
Under the UN hazard number system, pyrotechnic flares are designated class 1.4 explosives.[11]
Several U.S. states, including California and Massachusetts, have begun regulating levels of potassium perchlorate, which can be unsafe at certain levels in drinking water. Contaminated drinking water can lead to such symptoms as gastric irritation, nausea, vomiting, fever, skin rashes, and even fatal aplastic anemia.[12]
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See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ abJoseph Needham (1986). Science and Civilisation in China: The Gunpowder Epic. Cambridge University Press. p. 169. ISBN978-0-521-30358-3.
- ^Needham (1986), p. 331.
- ^'What is in road flares?'. Retrieved 16 January 2009.
- ^http://www.epa.gov/safewater/contaminants/unregulated/perchlorate.html
- ^'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on 27 June 2010. Retrieved 24 June 2010.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^'The Merchant Shipping (Distress Signals and Prevention of Collisions) Regulations 1996'(PDF). UK Maritime and Coast Guard Agency. 1996. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
- ^'Internation Life-Saving Appliance (LSA) Code'.
- ^The New Generation Fire Shelter(PDF). National Wildfire Coordinating Group. March 2003. Retrieved 16 January 2009.
- ^Vare, Ethlie Ann; Ptacek, Greg (2002). Patently female : from AZT to TV dinners : stories of women inventors and their breakthrough ideas. New York: Wiley. p. 23. ISBN0471023345.
- ^Hugh Chisholm (1922). The Encyclopædia Britannica: Abbe to English history ('The first of the new volumes'). The Encyclopædia Britannica Company. p. 86. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
Electric-Ignition Parachute Flare-Bombs..a landing flare to enable pilots to land in the dark..The candles burn for from 2½ to 3½ min..the candle power is about 40,000 lumens.
- ^'History of Flares'. SiriusSignal.com. Sirius Signal. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
- ^Borowicz; et al. (18 December 2014). 'Disposal of Pyrotechnic Visual Distress Signals'(PDF).Cite journal requires
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Further reading[edit]
- Wallbank, Alister (2001). 'Can anybody see me? (modified reprint from DIVER 2000; 45 (2) February: 72–74)'. Journal of the South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society. 31 (2): 116–119. Retrieved 13 October 2008.
External links[edit]
Flare 2 2 4 X 4
- Media related to Flares (pyrotechnics) at Wikimedia Commons
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